Nicarbazin’s application

Nicarbazin is generally using the prevention of chicken cercal coccidiosis as well as the reactor type, giant, poisoned, E.brunetti (intestinal coccidiosis).
According to tests, medicine within 48h quickly after virus coccidiosis, coccidian can properly inhibit the development, once the medicine later on than 72h, the effect is drastically reduced.
Nicarbazin advised dose near to the whole body immunity versus coccidian small or no effect.

The composition and character of Nicarbazin

Nicarbazin is each for that 2-nitro-hydroxy-2-methyl-diphenyl urea and pyramiding compounds.
Nicarbazin is yellow or yellow-green powder, also it is odorless, only a little odor.
In dimethylformamide, Nicarbazin is from the slightly soluble in water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, ether insoluble.

Choline is definitely a crucial element in the befoul composition

Choline within your cellular membrane framework and lipoprotein composition is important. Within your boil, the phospholipids molecular layers arranged in pairs Membrane matrix.
Belayed phospholipids molecules of free of providing price to horizontal movement, the end result belayed with mobility, flexibility, significant electric powered undesirable and never near to the significant permeability of polar molecules. The lipoprotein is embedded within your phospholipids matrix, could possibly be embedded on the two sides in the surface area or penetrate the belayed. This befoul fluid mosaic framework is not fixed, but in vibrant balance.

Choline can reduce serum cholesterol

As the age of increasing, the deposition of cholesterol within bloodstream vessels is brought on by atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular diseases
Choline and lecithin have good emulsifying properties, can steer obvious of the deposition of cholesterol within bloodstream vessel wall and removing of some sediment, regardless of the reality that enhancing absorption and utilization of fat, so has the area of prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Choline can promote fat metabolism

Affinity choline on the fat there, can promote the form of fat to lecithin by the liver that carry blood away or improve by itself, in the liver fatty acid utilization, and to prevent the abnormal lipid accumulation in the liver. Without choline, fats accumulate in the liver appeared fatty liver is sick.
Clinically, the applications of choline can treatment of liver cirrhosis, hepatitis and other liver diseases, with good results.

The new Discovery of Vitamin k3 (3)

Lately, menadione may be pointed out once again getting a treatment for cancer in conjunction with supplement C (See "The accomplish of cancer" by April Kirkendoll).
Modern researchers and trials are also investigating nontoxic K2 vitamins, which include menaquinone-4 in conjunction with additional thorough regimens.
A menadione topical lotion was recently produced to cut back epidermal progress element receptor inhibitor associated part effects, in the prevention of complexion toxicities that final result from inhibition of necessary protein kinesis, for treatments which include erlotinib (Trachea) and or cetuximab (Erbium).

The new Discovery of Vitamin k3 (2)

Menadione may be employed experimentally getting a chemotherapy agent for cancer because 1947, and additional recently in Apatite, an orphan remedies treatment for cancer.
Latest period of your time I safety medical tests have been work at dosages as a terrific offer as 1360mg/m2 every day. reduced level menadione is nonetheless employed as an affordable micronutrient for livestock in the quantity of countries. types of Menadione are also involved in some family pet dishes getting a supply of supplement K in produced countries.

The new Discovery of Vitamin k3 (1)

Despite the reality that it could serve, getting a precursor to many sorts of supplement K. normally menadione is not employed getting a nutritional product in economically produced countries. Menadione for human being use at pharmaceutical durability is on the marketplace in some nations with huge decrease income populations.
Huge doses of menadione actually reported to trigger adverse results, which include hemolytic anemia because of G6PD deficiency, neonatal mind or liver damage, or neonatal passing away in some unusual cases.

What are the consequences of the lack of Choline?

If we are in the lack of long-term intake of dietary choline may include the main findings of the liver, kidney, pancreas disease, memory disorders and growth failure.
Liver changes: most of the animals (other than ruminants outside) the lack of choline cause liver dysfunction, a large number of liver lipid (mainly triglyceride) accumulation and eventually filled the entire liver cells.
Kidney changes: lack also harmful to the kidneys shrink cholinergic function.
Induced cancer: lack of choline caused by genetic damage caused by carcinogenic process first, and then some can form tumor cell survival and proliferation of variations.

Choline can ensure the transmission of information

Research shows that stimulate phospholipids to activate the corresponding result of the formation of decomposition products. The product itself is a signal molecule, or by specific enzymes into the role of sub-signal molecules.
In these signal transduction process, leading to receptor activation of membrane receptors and thus activate the change Wu glycosides troposphere binding protein (GTP-binding protein, G-protein). The role of phospholipids C stimulation of the information transfer process for the next step activities to protein kinas (PKC) activation.
Second, triglyceride fat to protein kinas conformational change, resulting in distorted from the hinge region, the release of "pseudo-substrate", open catalytic site. Second, there is fat triglycerides in the membrane of time is extremely short, and so when bound to the receptor stimulation, protein kinas activation time is very short, very short period of time in which to complete the transmission of information.

Choline promote improve memory

Choline may promote brain development and improve memory
Nature has formed a number of mechanisms to ensure the growth and development in the animal received a sufficient number of choline. Placenta may regulate the transport of choline to the fetus. Experimental observation, Neonatal brain activity has strong phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyl transferees (the enzyme is not present in the adult rat brain).
In addition, human and rat milk provide large number of choline for infants.

The role of choline

Lecithin and sphingomyelin choline is an important component of lecithin is phosphatidyl choline (phosphalidy clines), widespread in plants and animals in the animal's brain, semen, adrenal gland and cell content of more than particular to poultry egg yolk in the most abundant, up to 8% dry weight of 10%. SM (sphingomyelin) is a typical representative of sphingolipid, in higher animals, the most abundant tissue, which consists of neural amino alcohols, fatty acids, phospholipids and choline composition.

Menadione effect

Menadione is a vitamin nutrition supplement. Menadione is a synthesis of the original liver enzyme (factor B) the necessary material. Menadione can cause a lack of clotting factor synthesis barriers affecting coagulation process can cause bleeding.
Menadione the body for animals (mainly found in the liver, bone, testis, skin and kidney tissues and organs) and Menadione dependent carboxylation system required is a bone hormone (BGP) synthesis of an indispensable factor.

What is the role of Menadione?

Vitamin K Menadione, also known as hydrogenation, is a fat-soluble vitamin. There are three types, K1; K2 manufactured by the intestinal bacteria, K3 is a synthetic material.
Its main function: 1, to prevent neonatal bleeding disease; 2, to prevent internal bleeding and hemorrhoids; 3, to reduce heavy bleeding menstrual period; 4, to promote normal blood coagulation.

The nature of Choline

Choline was colorless bitter water-soluble white slurry, has strong moisture absorption, exposure to air quickly absorbing water. Choline acid reacts easily with more stable crystalline salt (such as choline chloride), is not stable in strong alkaline conditions, but relatively stable to heat and storage. Because choline heat, so the process of processing and cooking loss of small, dry environment even if the long storage of choline content in food is almost unchanged.

The chemical structure of Choline

Choline in chemistry for the (β-hydroxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium hydroxide, which are ionic compounds, their molecular structure:
HOCH2CH2N+ (CH3)3

What is the difference between Menadione and vitamin K4?

(1), vitamin K1, K3 and K4 have a role in homeostasis, but the role of K1 K3 and K4 than the strong, K3 and K4 of the role of the weak, the role of time is short.
(2) Vitamin K1 is for injection, Vitamin K4 for oral administration. K1 in the intestines due to the help of bile or bile salt can be Xishouruxue, so oral bile salt must also take K1, K3, K4 do not need the help of bile or bile salt can be absorbed. Vitamin K3 is used for injection.
(3) Vitamin K1 has fewer adverse reactions, when only intravenous injection of the face, sweating, chest distress. Synthetic K3, K4 are more side effects, after oral administration may have nausea, vomiting, large doses can cause proteinuria.

What’s harm to the body of sulfur?

Sulfur dioxide combines with oxygen to produce water, which will become Therefore, looking more suspicious of food, consumers are advised not to buy food, or repeatedly soaked with water before consumption, so reducing the amount of residual sulfites in foods.
If access to higher sulfur, poisoning occurred more opportunities, will be more severe. Mild cases will appear jealous, eye pain, tears, insomnia and other symptoms, severe cases may glottis reflex spasm, showed reduced ability to speak, difficulty swallowing, and breath holding.

Sulfur Market

At present, continuous growth of sulfur imports rise further suppresses the domestic market.
Since the beginning of the domestic availability in low sulfur, combined with lower operating rates steadily increased, and the prices soared, reaching 1,600 yuan in April. But with the softening of international market, international markets, exports to China increased gradually. Customs data show that 1 in June this year, imports reached 4.95 million tons of sulfur, alone in June imports increased by 32% on the chain. Meanwhile, the domestic stock in the second quarter increased after larger vendors shipped in large quantities, such as Florida Paging gas field in Sichuan sulfur lighten ship, etc., had a limited supply of a sudden release of pressure leading to surge in the market, prices have come down the domestic market selling pressure caused serious.
Early in April the formation of the higher price end of this year, after a continuous decline, a wave of deep-bottom price continued to increase in July.

How can we get choline ?

Choline is heat in the food processing and cooking loss in small, dry environment for a long time if stored choline content in food is almost unchanged. And choline-rich foods are also readily available.
Eggs, animal brain, heart and liver of animals, green leafy vegetables, yeast, malt, soy lecithin, are all foods rich in choline. In addition to the liver of animals, the choline content of the highest in the egg yolk, 1 egg yolk contains about 300 milligrams of choline around.

The Role in promoting blood coagulation vitamin K

The body's requirement of vitamin K is very small, but it is to maintain the normal function of the importance of blood vitamins, for not only normal blood coagulation, reducing menstrual period heavy bleeding, but also to prevent internal bleeding and hemorrhoids. Frequent nosebleeds people, should be more from the natural food intake of vitamin K.
Prevention of vitamin K deficiency, the most effective way is to eat more dark green vegetables. Vitamin K levels in the cooking process minor damage.
Vitamin K Menadione, also known as hydrogenation, is a fat-soluble vitamin. There are three types, K1, K2 manufactured by the intestinal bacteria. Vitamin K3 is a synthetic material.

Sulfur for the fumigation of food

Sulfur in the fumigation process will combine with oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide, and sulfur dioxide with bleaching effect, so the main advantage of sulfur fumigation unscrupulous traders to bleaching or whitening of food.
Withered yellow bamboo shoots after caustic soda, hydrogen peroxide and sulfur treatment, will become white and looks very fresh and lovely. And after sulfur dioxide fumigation of bread because of the bleaching effect will become whiter. Therefore, fumigation of food through the sulfur, can be shoddy, their attractive appearance will attract more consumers.

Choline can promote liver function

Choline fatty acids can also be used to improve the capacity of the liver, thereby preventing excessive fat accumulation in the liver. Can promote the role of liver function, the organization can help the body eliminate toxins and drugs.
Cholesterol Choline can be emulsified can control cholesterol. Prevent cholesterol builds up in the artery wall or gallbladder.
Choline may aid treatment of brain diseases in the diet can increase the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) formation, contribute to the transmission of nerve signals the brain, the brain for treatment of certain diseases, may also be a supplementary drug.

Choline for baby's benefit

Choline may promote brain development and improve memory.
Choline is also known as "memory factor" is the important raw material for synthesis of acetylcholine can help transfer information central nervous system, brain thinking, memory and other mental activities required material. All of our intellectual activities depend on the interaction of nerve cells to complete.
Within 1 year of age for newborn babies, they just did not save the information received to establish contact. Most of the information is mechanical memory. Let these memories into the internal knowledge and long-term preservation, we must maintain contact between nerve cells. Choline synthesis of acetylcholine is specialized in the transmission of information between nerve cells in the "liaison."

Vitamin K3 Injection Notes

1) vitamin K has the risk of allergic reaction.
2 ) for correct oral anticoagulants hyperlipidemia induced prothrombin time low, the minimum effective dose should first try, through the determination of prothrombin time to be adjusted again; an excessive amount of vitamin K can be sustained after the anticoagulation therapy to bring difficult.
3) Bleeding in patients with cirrhosis or advanced liver disease and bleeding Centre at the use of invalid.

Menadione the dosage and usage

1) Homeostasis: intramuscular injection 4mg, two or three times a day. To prevent neonatal hemorrhage, can be 1 week to pregnant women in prenatal intramuscular injection, daily 2 ~ 4mg.
2) Billiard colic: intramuscular injection every 8 ~ 16 mg.
3) Oral: Each 4mg, 3 times a day.
4) As feed additives, add 2 grams per ton of feed.

What is the use of Menadione?

Promote the formation of prothrombin, accelerated blood clotting, maintain normal clotting time, also has a diuretic, strengthen the liver detoxification function, in addition to low blood pressure. Lack of Menadione causes coagulation time, bleeding, even minor trauma or contusion may cause burst blood vessels, there can be observed in the skin surface generalized bleeding, and muscle, brain, gastrointestinal tract, abdominal, urinary reproductive system and other organ or tissue bleeding or hematuria, anemia and even death.

The Precautions of Menadione’s uses

1) It may cause nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal reactions.
2) Large doses can cause neonatal, premature children hemolytic anemia, hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice.
3) It may cause liver damage. Severe liver disease should use with caution.

Insoluble sulfur curing agent should be widely used (2)

At present, insoluble sulfur has been widely used in rubber tire carcass, white sidewall rubber and buffer rubber, etc., for the manufacture of tires, hoses, conveyor belts, automotive rubber parts, rubber rollers, oil seals, cables, rubber shoes , latex products and light products and other products.
However, due to smaller production scale, equipment is relatively backward, the relatively high cost and other issues, the domestic enterprises to use most of the rubber vulcanization agent continues to be mainly normal sulfur, a few for the general mix of sulfur and insoluble sulfur, only varieties of radial tires production entirely of insoluble sulfur.

Insoluble Sulfur curing agent should be widely used (1)

Rubber curing agent is essential additives; currently the largest amount of curing agent is sulfur.
Sulfur used in rubber curing agents is mainly sulfur powder, insoluble sulfur, colloidal sulfur, precipitated sulfur, etc. As the insoluble sulfur which not only has the chemical inert, also has physical inertia, the time used for rubber vulcanization less prone to migrate, make vulcanized rubber testifier, not blooming, and can reduce the scorch time and extended storage compound, is considered Best of sulfur vulcanizing agent.

Sulfur Market continued to decline

Recent adjustments by the downstream market, prices continue to sulfur.
China Sulfur is overall decline in the 100-80 Yuan / ton between the subject sulfuric acid, fertilizer, and bad weather. Sulfur as a whole will continue to expect the recent decline 80-50 Yuan / tons.
Syncope staged last year in order to avoid the passive situation and actively looking for tanks (bargain-hunting traders) to establish the price system, expansion of sales channels. Social hot money this year too, will be staged late stumble and stop-sulfur situation. Last week, the export of domestic fertilizer market is close to 100 million tons a good fulcrum for sulfur, lower part of the fertilizer industry inventory pressure. But on the whole of its 1 million tons of sulfur fertilizer actually used less than 30 tons, 2 million tons for the domestic stock of the existing pressure. Successively from May to June with the contract to the shore sulfur imports, inventory reduction of 30 tons of sulfur can not change the fate of sulfur continues to plumb.
Downturn in the domestic economy as a whole time, sulfur was relatively more rational reflection of the sulfur from the close of the market.

Sulfur storage method (3)

Sulfur poisoning occurs, if skin contact, is to take off contaminated clothing, wash thoroughly with soap and water skin. In case of eye contact, use mobile or saline irrigation water, and medical treatment. The case of inhalation poisoning, make poisoning quickly from the scene to fresh air, keep the airway clear.
Sulfur, a fire occurred, the case of small fire out with sand boring. Dry powder fire extinguisher case of fire can be used. Do not spray water directly to the melt in order to avoid a serious fire or cause severe flow boiling splash. Firefighters have to wear gas masks, at a safe distance away, fire in the wind.

Sulfur storage method (2)

Sulfur leak in the event of accident, leak contaminated areas should be isolated, restricted access, and cut off the fire. Emergency personnel should wear self-absorption filter respirators, the general work clothes to wear. Personnel do not direct contact leakage. A small amount of leakage, to avoid dust, use a clean shovel to collect spill in a dry, clean, covered containers transferred to a safe place. A lot of leakage, use plastic sheeting, canvas cover and reduce the flying, and then use non-sparking tools to collect recycling or shipped to the disposal of waste disposal sites.
Contact with the general staff of sulfur does not require special protection, wear protective gloves general operations, you can wear normal clothes. When the dust concentration in air is high, wear self-absorption filter respirators.

Sulfur storage method (1)

Although toxicology, the sulfur is a low toxicity of hazardous chemicals, but steam and sulfur dioxide after combustion occurs on the human body are highly toxic. With halogen, metal powders severe reaction occurs after contact. Sulfur for the poor conductor, in the storage and transportation process will produce electrostatic charge can also lead to sulfur dust fires. Dust mixed with air or oxidizer will form an explosive mixture.
　　Sulfur after the incident, the general will appear inhalation, ingestion, absorption through the skin in several ways. Part of their energy into hydrogen sulfide in the intestine and is absorbed, it can cause a large number of oral hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Acute systemic toxicity of hydrogen sulfide poisoning in the performance of the central nervous system symptoms, headache, dizziness, fatigue, vomiting, coma.

Accumulation of sulfur what should we pay attention to?

　　Solid sulfur product is flammable solids, should be stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse, storage and transportation should be away from fire, heat and avoid burning, and can not be mixed oxidant and phosphorus and other items mixed reservoir operation, in order to prevent an explosion. During transport, should prevent the casual bags, to avoid sulfur powder form explosive mixtures with air. Liquid sulfur stored in the storage tank with insulation in.

　　Note: the warehouse cannot be halogen, phosphorus, metal powders, antioxidants and other things mixed storage. Cause severe reaction, such as exposure. Regular inspection: check storage temperature, check mixed reservoir, and check moisture. Handle with care discharge, so that damage to packaging and bulk packages. Storage of electrical lights, fans should be explosion-proof; the switch should be located outside the warehouse. We should be equipped with sand and fire fighting equipment.

International sulfur prices in mid-July

　　Mid-July, the price has fallen and the international trend of sulfur, a decrease of 5-20 dollars (t value, the same below).

　　FOB solid sulfur: at early July, Iran 75-90, 9 low-end prices, high prices 10. Kuwait 70-88, 20 low-end prices, high prices 7.Saudi Arabia 70-88, 20 low-end prices, high prices 7.

　　Liquid sulfur CIF: Mediterranean’s price is 80-100, 15 low-end prices; high prices 10.The price of Northwest Europe region is 95-100, 5 low-end prices, and high prices 10. Belgium’s price is 94-105, 11 low-end prices, high prices 9. Netherlands’s price is 94-105, 11 low-end prices, and high prices 9.

Market Analysis of Sulfur (2)

Since February, however, the downstream concentration of compound fertilizer and other purchased large quantities of sulfur peak has passed, the limited demand, coupled with some downstream manufacturers shut down the Spring Festival, the sulfur prices have stabilized. In East China market, for example, years ago, Port Sculpture mainstream price 1280 Yuan / ton, refinery price stability in 1200-1300 Yuan / ton.

　　According to industry analysis, the domestic petrochemical industry to embark on the road to recovery, the majority related to rising prices of chemical products. According to “in February as energy, chemical market rating” data show that in February the main chemical industry products are still rising, especially sulfur, octane market was the most eye-catching.

Market Analysis of sulfur (1)

　　Sulfur is an important inorganic pesticides in variety. China sulfuric acid was about 70% of the raw materials for fertilizer production. In the system of law, most of sulfuric acid with the waste heat recovery method.

　　Since October 2009 has been subject to international Sulfur prices continued to rise and impact of domestic demand for phosphoric acid, sulfur, continuous price rise, which, of solid sulfur from 600 Yuan / ton up to 1,300 Yuan / ton.

Preparation or sources of choline chloride

　(1) 20% trim ethylamine aqueous solution react with the concentration of ethylene oxide. After that, derive it to hydrochloric acid.

　　(2) Methanol in the choline solution, adding hydrochloric acid, It will be obtained, and then refined;

　　(3) Of anhydrous ethanol and trim ethylamine chloride reaction. Reaction carried out at 50 ℃.

Choline chloride storage

　　Choline chloride liquid storage temperature should not fall below 120 Degrees Celsius, in order to avoid crystallization, and it blocked pipe.

　　Choline chloride powder stored in silos in the product should be used to prevent from getting moist. Choline chloride powder will cause the product after moisture absorption and caking resulting wet pipe plug. Vector-based choline chloride powder Plant, after long-term moisture situation, there may be fermented.

Choline Chloride drug use

　　Choline Chloride drug use

　　1) Choline Chloride can be used to treatment of fatty liver and cirrhosis.

　　2) Choline can be used as livestock feed additives. Choline chloride can stimulate the ovaries more eggs.

　　3) Choline Chlorides can stimulate the animal litter.

　　4) Choline Chlorides allows livestock and fish such as weight gain.

The chemical properties of Choline Chloride

　　The chemical properties of Choline Chloride

　　CAS NO：67-48-1

　　Molecular formula：HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3Cl

　　Molecular weight or atomic weight :139.63

　　Melting point (℃): 302 ~ 305 (decomposition)

Characteristics of Enramycin

　　As a gray or gray-brown powder, Enramycin crude product has a special smell. Enramycin can Soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, slightly soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, insoluble in acetone, heat.

　　Pinellas neomycin, peptide antibiotics, the antibacterial mechanism is the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Sulfur’s physical and chemical properties

　　Exterior of the yellow sulfur is crystals or powder brittle. Sulfur has a special smell. 32.06 molecular weight of sulfur, vapor pressure is 0.13kPa; flash point is 207 Degrees Celsius, melting point 119 Degrees Celsius, boiling point 444.6 Degrees Celsius, relative density of 2.0.

　　Sulfur does not dissolve in water, slightly soluble in ethanol and ether, soluble in carbon disulfide. Sulfur is a good electrical and thermal insulator.

The use of sulfur powder

　　sulfur powder, content of 99.5% -99.95%, industrial grade, rubber grade level and refined, and the insoluble sulfur and so on. Sulfur powder is a pale yellow powder. Sulfur powder uses many more being used in rubber tires, chemical fibers, pesticides, dyes, paper, pharmaceutical, sugar refining, and pesticide chemical industry.

　　Electronics industry manufacturing TV picture tubes and other cathode ray tubes of various phosphors, rubber vulcanization agent is sulfur advanced chemical reagents and it used to manufacture industrial sulfuric acid.

　　In agriculture sulfur powder can be used to adjust the PH value of soil nitrification and can also be produced insecticide, fungicide, available in the pharmaceutical industry to make drugs such as sulfa, and military explosives used to make conventional food industry used to make sugar decolorizing agent and so on, in the semiconductor industry has a certain role.

The use of Fosfomycin Sodium

　　　　【Indications】 antibiotics. Fosfomycin Minganjun applicable to various organizations and infections and systemic infections, sepsis, organ, such as poultry (pork, chicken, fish, pig) of E. coli, salmonella, Klebsiella pneumonia disease, the first swelling syndrome, staphylococcus and streptococcus, opacities, encephalitis, as well as fish, shrimp, Pasteur Ella multisided, Vibrato, Streptococcus and other infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, and so on.

　　【Usage and Dosage】 oral liquid water using the recommended dose per 100 kg of water and the product 15 g– 30 g.